Introduction of TCP/IP Model
The
internet architecture, which is also sometimes called the TCP/IP architecture
its two main protocols. It stands for Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP is four-layer system. Layers of TCP/IP are Application layer, Transport layer, Internet layer and Host to network layer. Host to network layer is called physical and data-link layer in OSI model. Internet layer is called network layer in OSI model. The application layer in TCP/IP model is combination of application, presentation and session layer of OSI model.
 |
| Figure: Prootcol and Services of TCP/IP Model |
TCP is connection-oriented protocol and IP is connectionless protocol. Application program
sends data to the transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. Routing of packet
takes place in internet layer. Transmitting IP datagram using host to network
protocol. TCP/IP model does not define any specific protocol in host to network
layer.
Application Layer
Application
layer includes all process and services that use transport layer to deliver
data. The most widely known application protocols are: TELNET, File Transfer
Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP). TELENT is the Network Terminal Protocol, which
provides remote login over the network. FTP is used for interactive file
transfer. SMTP delivers the electronic mail.
Transport Layer
Application
program sends data to the transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. An application
is designed to choose either TCP or UDP based in the service it needs. Transport
layer provides process to process delivery in the network. TCP is reliable and connection-oriented
protocol. It delivers data without error from one PC to another PC. It converts
incoming bytes into discrete message. At the receiver side TCP reassembles the
received data or massage into bytes format. TCP also handles flow control. UDP
is a connection less protocol. Sometimes this type of protocol is used for fast
delivery. UDP cannot handle flow control or error checking.
Internet Layer
The
internet layer protocol (IP, IGMP, ICMP, ARP) handle machine to machine
communication. This layer protocols moves data from one host to another; even
if the host are on different networks. It attaches a header to datagram that
includes source address and the destination address, both of which are unique
internet addresses. It provides connection less method of delivering data from
one host to another. The primary protocol used to move data is the Internet
protocol (IP), which provides the following services.
Addressing: Determining the route to
deliver data to the destination host.
Fragmentation: breaking the messages into
pieces if an intervening network cannot handle a large message.
Host to Network Layer
This
layer is called network interface layer. All the physical media connected at
host to network layer. This layer is same as physical and data link layer of
OSI model. Host to Network layer cannot define any protocol, but provides services
based on switching and routing. Ex, ATM, Frame Relay, Token Ring. It is
responsible for accepting and transmitting IP datagram.
Compare of OSI Model and TCP/IP Model
 |
| Figure: Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Model |
To learn more about TCP/IP Model, Click here
Watch more videos click here.
No comments:
Post a Comment