Ring Topology | Working of Ring Topology | Pros and Cons of Ring Topology

Introduction of Topology

Physical or Logical layout of structure called topology, in which all nodes are connected. Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. The physical topology of LAN refers to the way in which the stations are physically interconnected. Each topology has its own strengths and weakness.

Feature of network topology: 1. The topology should be flexible. You can increase or decrease number of nodes in topology. 2. The cost of physical media and installation should be minimum. 3. The network should not have any single point of complete failures.

Types of Topologies

There are 5 types of topologies in computer network:

Ring Topology

In ring topology, each computer is connected to the next computer, with the last one connected to the first. Data is passed from one node to another in a series. Here each device has dedicated point to point connection. The data travel on the cable in only one direction. Since each computer retransmits what it receives. No MASTER NODE is present for controlling other nodes, so each device can take decision of its own.

Figure: Ring Topology Structure

Each device present in Ring Topology is incorporated with a REPEATER. When a device receives a signal meant for the other node, its regenerates the signal bit and passes it to the next node. This process continues until the data is not received by the destination device or node.

Figure: Ring Topology Animation

Working of Token in Ring Topology

A free token is circulating on the ring. If any host want to send data it has to first capture token which is circulating in ring. Then writes data and recipient address on the token. The token sends to the next host, who read the address, if address in not own then pass to the next host. This process is continued until the token received by destination.

Destination host send acknowledgement with the help of token, and send to the source host. When acknowledge received by source and then token is free. Token is again circulating in ring network.

Advantages

Cable failures are easily found.

Every node is given equal access to the token.

Data transfer speed is high.

No centralize device required.

No termination required.

Disadvantages

Adding and removing nodes disrupts the network.

It is difficult to troubleshoot a ring network.

Failure of one node can affect the whole network.

Cost of cable is more in ring network.

Delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes present in the Network.

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